The P-NP problem is an unsolved problem in theoretical computer science regarding whether complexity classes P and NP are equivalent. In brief, it asks whether problems that can be verified quickly can also be solved quickly.

P vs. NP

A firewall is a network security device, either hardware or software-based, that monitors all incoming and outgoing traffic based on a defined set of security rules.

Firewall Security

UNIX was developed by Bell Labs(Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and Douglas Mcllroy) in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Security in ordinary OS, UNIX

Cryptography is a method of keeping information secret that has been around for more than 2500 years.

Cryptography

Maximum flow problems involve finding a feasible flow through a flow network that maximizes the flow rate.

Maximum flow problem

Given a weighted graph and two vertices u and v, find a path of minimum total weight between u and v.

Shortest path

A minimum spanning tree is a spanning tree of a weighted graph with the minimum total edge weight.

Minimum Spanning Tree (MST)

DFS and BFS are algorithms used to traverse graphs or trees. However, they differ in the way they explore the graph and the order in which they visit nodes.

DFS vs. BFS

Buffer overflow happens when data quantity exceeds memory buffer storage capacity.

Buffer Overflow

Virtualization is the process of creating a simulated computing environment or a computer-generated computer.